User Behavior & Usability

Funnel analysis, engagement metrics, and using analytics to find usability problems

Key Behavioral Metrics

Simple error tracking is just the start; analytics can reveal how users actually interact with your site. The key behavioral metrics are:

  • Page views — Which pages are visited and how often
  • Sessions — Groups of page views by the same user within a time window
  • Bounce rate — Percentage of visitors who leave after viewing only one page
  • Time on page — How long users spend before navigating away
  • Scroll depth — How far down the page users actually read
  • Click patterns — What elements users interact with (and which they ignore)
  • Conversion rate — Percentage of visitors who complete a desired action

Funnel Analysis

These metrics form a funnel — each stage filters out users who do not proceed:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│               Page Views (100%)                 │
│            All visitors who arrive              │
└──────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┘
                       │  ~60% continue
┌──────────────────────▼──────────────────────────┐
│              Engagement (60%)                   │
│       Scroll, click, spend >10 seconds          │
└──────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┘
                       │  ~25% continue
┌──────────────────────▼──────────────────────────┐
│                Action (15%)                     │
│       Add to cart, start form, watch video      │
└──────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┘
                       │  ~30% continue
┌──────────────────────▼──────────────────────────┐
│             Conversion (5%)                     │
│       Purchase, submit, sign up                 │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Usability Signals in Analytics Data

Understanding usability through analytics means looking for signals of confusion: high bounce rates on landing pages, form abandonment halfway through especially when hitting a sticky field, features with zero clicks despite being prominently placed, or users repeatedly hitting the back button, excessive clicks on an unclickable object dubbed a rage click, and many more signals can point us towards user problems.

However, we need to be careful as sometimes we can infer the wrong thing from a behavior. For example, many supposed dead clicks on a page could indicate anchor or scrolling touches, and users may also be highlighting content for copy-paste. A full session replay can capture nuance, but aggregating all details is hard, and watching replays can be time-consuming.