Overscroll Behavior - Scroll Chaining Control

What You'll Learn

  • Control scroll chaining with overscroll-behavior
  • Understand auto, contain, and none values
  • Prevent background scrolling in modals and overlays
  • Disable pull-to-refresh on mobile devices
  • Create independent scroll areas in complex layouts
  • Control horizontal and vertical overscroll separately
  • Improve UX for chat interfaces and sidebar navigation

Introduction to Overscroll Behavior

The overscroll-behavior property controls what happens when you scroll to the edge of a scrollable container. By default, scrolling continues to the parent element (scroll chaining), but you can prevent this to create better modal experiences, disable pull-to-refresh, and build independent scroll areas.

This property is essential for modern web applications with nested scrollable areas, modals, chat interfaces, and mobile-optimized layouts where unintended scrolling can disrupt the user experience.

Understanding the Values

The overscroll-behavior property accepts three values, each controlling scroll chaining and bounce effects differently.

/* Default behavior - scroll chains to parent */ .container { overscroll-behavior: auto; /* When reaching edge, parent scrolls */ } /* Prevent scroll chaining, allow bounce effects */ .modal { overscroll-behavior: contain; /* Scrolling stops at container edge */ /* Still allows bounce/overscroll effects (iOS, etc.) */ } /* Prevent everything */ .strict { overscroll-behavior: none; /* No scroll chaining AND no bounce effects */ /* Most restrictive */ }

Modal Scroll Locking

The most common use case for overscroll-behavior is preventing background page scrolling when a modal is open.

/* Modal body with scroll lock */ .modal-body { overflow-y: auto; overscroll-behavior: contain; /* Prevent background scroll */ max-height: 80vh; } /* Bonus: prevent horizontal overscroll too */ .modal-body { overscroll-behavior-y: contain; /* Vertical only */ overscroll-behavior-x: none; /* Horizontal */ /* Or shorthand: */ overscroll-behavior: none contain; /* x y */ }

Disabling Pull-to-Refresh

Mobile browsers often have pull-to-refresh enabled by default. Use overscroll-behavior to disable it for web apps where this gesture conflicts with your UI.

/* Disable pull-to-refresh on mobile */ body { overscroll-behavior-y: contain; /* No pull-to-refresh */ /* Still allows side-swipe navigation */ } /* For full-screen apps or games */ html, body { overscroll-behavior: none; /* Disable all overscroll effects */ /* Complete control */ }

Chat Interfaces

Chat applications need independent scroll areas for the message list without affecting the overall page scroll.

.chat-messages { height: 400px; overflow-y: auto; overscroll-behavior-y: contain; /* Keep scroll within chat */ } /* Prevents: - Scrolling the page when reaching top of chat history - Scrolling the page when reaching bottom of chat - Pull-to-refresh accidentally triggering */

Sidebar Navigation

Create independent scroll areas for sidebars and main content in application layouts.

.sidebar { overflow-y: auto; overscroll-behavior: contain; /* Independent scrolling */ } .main-content { overflow-y: auto; /* Each scroll area is independent */ } /* Common in: - Documentation sites with sticky sidebars - Admin dashboards - Email clients - File managers */

Nested Scroll Containers

Prevent scroll chaining in nested scrollable areas like dropdowns within scrollable pages.

/* Outer scroll container */ .page-content { overflow-y: auto; } /* Inner dropdown menu */ .dropdown-menu { overflow-y: auto; max-height: 300px; overscroll-behavior: contain; /* Don't chain to page */ } /* Use cases: - Dropdown menus with scrolling - Embedded widgets - Code editors within pages - Data tables with scrolling */

Directional Control

Control horizontal and vertical overscroll behavior independently with directional properties.

/* Control each axis separately */ .container { overscroll-behavior-x: contain; /* Horizontal */ overscroll-behavior-y: none; /* Vertical */ } /* Shorthand: horizontal vertical */ .container { overscroll-behavior: contain none; /* x y */ } /* Common patterns: */ /* Image carousel - contain horizontal, allow vertical */ .carousel { overscroll-behavior-x: contain; overscroll-behavior-y: auto; } /* Modal - contain both directions */ .modal { overscroll-behavior: contain; } /* Full-screen app - disable everything */ .app { overscroll-behavior: none; }

Common Use Cases

Reference guide for when to use overscroll-behavior in different scenarios.

/* Modal dialogs */ .modal-content { overflow-y: auto; overscroll-behavior: contain; } /* Chat/messaging interfaces */ .messages-container { overflow-y: auto; overscroll-behavior: contain; } /* Sidebar navigation */ .sidebar { overflow-y: auto; overscroll-behavior-y: contain; } /* Horizontal carousels */ .carousel { overflow-x: auto; overscroll-behavior-x: contain; } /* Dropdown menus */ .dropdown { overflow-y: auto; overscroll-behavior: contain; } /* Full-screen applications */ body { overscroll-behavior: none; } /* Embedded maps */ .map-container { overscroll-behavior: contain; }

Browser Support and Fallback

overscroll-behavior has excellent modern browser support with graceful degradation.

/* Progressive enhancement */ .modal-content { overflow-y: auto; overscroll-behavior: contain; /* Modern browsers */ } /* Browsers without support simply use default behavior (scroll chaining). Functionality isn't broken, just not enhanced. */ /* Feature detection in JavaScript (if needed) */ @supports (overscroll-behavior: contain) { .modal-content { overscroll-behavior: contain; } }

Key Takeaways