The Five Pillars of Web Technology

Architecture, Coding, Hosting, Design, and Content — the full landscape

The Five Pillars

Beyond the three core technologies, the full landscape of web development spans five broad pillars. Understanding where each topic fits helps you see the forest for the trees.

Pillar What It Covers Examples
Architecture How systems are structured and how they communicate Client-server, REST, MVC, microservices, HTTP, TCP/IP
Coding The languages and frameworks used to build applications PHP, Node.js, Python, SQL, JavaScript, HTML
Hosting Where and how applications are deployed and run Apache, Nginx, Linux, Docker, cloud (AWS/GCP), DNS
Design How the user interface looks and behaves CSS, responsive design, UX patterns, accessibility
Content/Visuals The actual content, media, and visual assets Images, video, typography, data visualization, copy